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- WORLD, Page 28"I Am No Prophet"
-
-
- On his fifth day of freedom, NELSON MANDELA invited a TIME
- correspondent into his home for a chat about prison, freedom
- and the outlook for his country
-
- By SCOTT MACLEOD/SOWETO & Nelson Mandela
-
-
- Q. What surprises you most about the changes you have seen?
-
- A. The appearance of the place has changed very much,
- although poverty still stares you in the face. But from the
- point of view of the country as a whole, I am surprised by the
- extent to which a substantial number of whites have now accepted
- that a solution for this country lies in discussions with the
- [African National Congress], and their readiness to accept a
- nonracial South Africa.
-
-
- Q. One of the first things you said was that you were not a
- prophet. Do people expect too much from you?
-
- A. Well, I don't think so, although I felt the necessity of
- warning them that no individual can solve the enormous problems
- that face us. It is a collective effort that will enable us to
- solve [our] problems.
-
-
- Q. Do you feel a heavy burden of responsibility?
-
- A. I don't have any fear of a heavy responsibility. As I
- have said, I am a loyal and disciplined member of the A.N.C. My
- duty is to report to them, and I will use their machinery in any
- attempt to solve problems. I will not be acting as an
- individual. I will be acting as a member of a team.
-
-
- Q. You look fit. How is your health?
-
- A. My health, as far as I am concerned, is all right. I
- have been monitored by very top medical practitioners and
- specialists.
-
-
- Q. How serious was your bout with tuberculosis two years
- ago?
-
- A. Fortunately, they found it at a very initial stage.
- There was no spot or lesion in the lungs. They predicted very
- cautiously that it would clear away completely, and they assured
- me that it has cleared.
-
-
- Q. What was the hardest thing about prison life?
-
- A. We went through very harsh experiences at the beginning
- of our life imprisonment. I was never brutally assaulted, but
- many of my colleagues around me were.
-
-
- Q. There were reports that you became friends with your
- guard.
-
- A. In actual fact, there were three. There was Major
- Marais. He was in charge of the premises [at Victor Verster
- Prison Farm]. Warrant Officer Gregory was his assistant. And
- Warrant Officer Swart was the man who actually lived with me in
- the house from 7 in the morning to 4 in the afternoon, when he
- left until the following morning. I got on very well with all
- of them. We became very close friends.
-
-
- Q. Do you intend to see them again?
-
- A. If I have the opportunity, I certainly will see them.
-
-
- Q. Are you bitter that you lost these years of your life?
-
- A. Yes and no. I am bitter. There were aspects that were
- rewarding. I have lost a great deal in the sense that I spent 27
- years of my life in prison.
-
-
- Q. Was your sacrifice worth it?
-
- A. Yes, it was worth it. To go to prison because of your
- convictions, and be prepared to suffer for what you believe in,
- is something worthwhile. It is an achievement for a man to do
- his duty on earth irrespective of the consequences.
-
-
- Q. When did the government become more conciliatory toward
- you?
-
- A. Actually, the attitude of the government took this form
- right back to the 1960s. I was visited by Mr. Jimmy Kruger, who
- was Minister of Justice, several times. I was visited by Mr.
- [Louis] Le Grange, who is now the Speaker of Parliament.
- Leading VIPs, both local and abroad, were allowed to visit me.
- The attitude of the government was contradictory. Despite the
- harsh treatment, they were prepared to have discussions with me.
- During the past three years, I started an initiative of talking
- to the government on the question of the release of prisoners
- and the question of a meeting between the A.N.C. and the
- government.
-
-
- Q. You initiated political talks?
-
- A. Yes.
-
-
- Q. What makes you say that President De Klerk is a "man of
- integrity"?
-
- A. From the two discussions that I have held [with him],
- this has been my distinct impression. There are many things that
- he said and did which convinced me that this is a man I could
- do business with.
-
-
- Q. Do you have an understanding with De Klerk that the two
- of you must bring your people to reconciliation?
-
- A. On the question of creating a climate conducive to
- negotiations, we see eye to eye.
-
-
- Q. Are you optimistic that the issues of political
- prisoners and the ending of the state of emergency can be
- resolved fairly quickly?
-
- A. I think so, personally. I don't think that [De Klerk]
- has any ground for resisting these two demands.
-
-
- Q. The main pillars of apartheid still exist in your
- country. Why do you say that "freedom is on the horizon"?
-
- A. Well, I have not really personally said that "freedom is
- on the horizon." What I have said is that I am confident that
- the State President is going to address the questions of the
- release of political prisoners and the lifting of the state of
- emergency in its totality. Once that happens, we would be able
- to sit down to discuss a new constitution.
-
-
- Q. Is the A.N.C. going into negotiations in a weak position
- in comparison with the government?
-
- A. No. We are in a powerful position, because the
- government now has accepted that there can be no peaceful
- settlement in this country without the involvement of the A.N.C.
- For them to change their policy on this question is a victory
- for the A.N.C.
-
-
- Q. But the government still has the security apparatus.
-
- A. They always have. But we have succeeded in getting them
- to acknowledge that we have a role to play.
-
-
- Q. When should sanctions be lifted?
-
- A. When a settlement is reached.
-
-
- Q. Do you plan to accept the invitations to visit President
- Bush and Prime Minister Thatcher?
-
- A. Oh, yes. Speaking for myself, I will accept the
- invitations. I have indicated to President Bush that I was
- honored by his invitation. But I will report to the A.N.C., and
- they will eventually decide whether I should accept the
- invitation.
-
-
- Q. You have said the main issue in negotiations is
- reconciling black demands for one man, one vote with white fears
- of what that might mean for them. Is that possible?
-
- A. There is sufficient goodwill to reconcile these two
- points. The A.N.C. is certainly ready to address the fears of
- whites.
-
-
- Q. Would you compromise on one man, one vote?
-
- A. I am talking about compromise in general. Compromise
- means accommodating the point of view of the other party. We are
- prepared to do that.
-
-
- Q. Is this your personal view?
-
- A. It is the view of the A.N.C. that a compromise will be
- necessary when you are negotiating. If you don't intend having a
- compromise, you don't negotiate at all.
-
-
- Q. Is President De Klerk's fear of a right-wing backlash
- justified?
-
- A. He has no reason to fear the right-wing backlash. He
- fears it because he is concentrating on the Afrikaners in this
- country. Or on whites alone. He is not taking advantage of the
- potential support he might get if he adopts the policy of a
- nonracial South Africa. He would get overwhelming support. He
- has already got over 75% of the whites in this country.
- Therefore, if he emancipates himself from thinking only of
- Afrikaners and thinks of whites, he will be assured of 75% of
- white voters. But if he expands the scope of this initiative, he
- will get the overwhelming support of blacks.
-
-
- Q. Are white fears of black domination justified?
-
- A. They are not at all justified. We have set out our
- policy in the Freedom Charter. That policy ought to satisfy
- everybody that we don't mean to dominate anybody.
-
-
- Q. How seriously do you take the reports of threats to your
- life?
-
- A. There is no threat whatsoever from the so-called radical
- left. The only threat can be from the right wing.
-
-
- Q. Are you concerned?
-
- A. No, my people will protect me.
-
-
- Q. When will blacks be free in this country?
-
- A. I am no prophet. I cannot say.
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